To operate a power grid, control centers rely on equipment data collected from the field. Operators and or automation equipment trigger control commands to adapt the grid to different operational situations. Some of the challenges power system operators face are:
• Ensure that the topology of the grid allows the power to be transmitted from the generation location to the consumption one in a secured manner – ie adapt the position (on/off) of the switches (breakers and disconnectors) to optimize the flows and voltages with these levers,
• ensure that the power system is balanced – meaning that in real time the generation meets the demand
• monitor the grid equipment to assess their health indexes.

A series of various protocols are implemented from low level (close to the equipment: IEC 104, IEC 61850, and others) to high-level ones (communication between operation centers, and intermediate nodes: OPC-UA, TASE.2, also seen here EC 104).
The project uses fledge as the core framework for the gateways deployed at the edge level (substations) as well as at a central level (inter operation centers communication).